Editing and Production Techniques

My production techniques research investigates how my show will become a reality by implementing different techniques to make my show as good as it possibly can be. Firstly, I looked into my similar products research to gather information into how the BBC produce their shows. It is clear that the BBC use a very particular structure to their shows, they always start their packages by using something called atmosphere which sets the tone of the show. I need to implement the use of atmosphere to try and immerse the audience within my product in order to do this I will have to browse various audio galleries including my own to find the sounds of these aircraft that are relevant to my product. By setting a clear atmosphere I hope it makes my product not only immersive, but it allows my listener to learn something new with ease! Another production technique that is implemented into all successful shows is the ability to talk to the listener one on one, the impact of being able to apply this production technique is that the documentary will sound more personal to the listener as a result this will increase overall engagement within my product.

Below is a Diagram illustrating how to create a radio audio package:

Historical Research/ Content

My product is going to use a lot of history to back up what I’m saying to ensure that my documentary is credible as a result I am combining my historical research with the content of my product. I chose to do study WW1/2 because of its historical significance within the evolution of aircraft as this was the first time aircraft were used in combat, I also chose to study the Falklands War due to its significance to specifically British Aircraft and their evolution, finally I picked the Russo-Ukrainian war as this is currently ongoing and is using the most advanced combat aircraft we have to offer today!

WW1 and WW2 Show 1

During WW1 aircraft were still new to society after all they had only been around a decade before however as World War One began to progress military officers from both side began to see the importance of using aircraft to get a bird’s eye view of the battlefield, initially the first fixed wing aircraft were used only for reconnaissance purposes and they replaced the hot air balloons which were used before the integration of propellor driver machines. However, as the war dragged on by 1915 the need for a fighter plane was required as it became clear that both sides needed to eliminate as many people as they could to try and win the war effort, the Germans were the first to start integrating machine guns to their aircraft specifically the ‘Fokker E-1’. This lightweight fixed wing aircraft became deadly when Dutch engineer Anthony Fokker designed the first synchronised gear which allowed the German Army to start winning the war within the skies. However, in 1916 the British invented their first synchronised gear which was similar to the German push rod system yet the British ‘Vickers Challenger’ had its own advantages due to it being developed later in the war, consequently this gave the British aerial superiority over the Germans.

Later on, in WW1 the Germans became the first country to start implementing mass bombing specifically targeting vulnerable areas such as hospitals, the famous Zeppelin was the largest and most powerful airship ever created and this brought destruction to Britain however due to it flying at 11,000 feet it was nearly impossible to shoot down until the British used the synchronised gear mechanism along with incendiary bullets to eventually blow up the hydrogen filled Zeppelin. This shows how important the use of fighter planes became as the war went on because without them many more lives could have been taken.

During WW2 the aircraft involved became faster, more powerful and more deadly than ever before. For many planes it was out with the old and in with the new, World War Two demanded that countries air forces became bigger and stronger than ever before, this resulted in saying goodbye to the Bi- Planes of WW1 and the synchronised gears and hello to the brand-new single wing fighters/ bombers. Germany was the first to rein superior due to new technologies such as radar which allowed the new waves of bombers and fighter to fly at night, Hitler ensure his strength in the air was superior to the rest of Europe due to this many believe this is how Hitler was able to take over Europe due to his aerial strength providing artillery from the skies. The Allies however were quick to react by putting heavy investments into their aircraft which eventually resulted in a vast overpowering of the German Luftwaffe, one of the most famous aircraft of World War Two was the Supermarine Spitfire which was a British invention that was created to stop the German BF109’s. The Spitfire was perfected as the war went on with over 24 different versions, this small aircraft was able pack a punch with machine guns mounted inside of each wing of the aircraft and due to its revolutionary Rolls Royce Merlin engine, it was able to reach incredible speeds. The Spitfire was made especially famous by the Battle of Britain where in total 1,887 German aircraft were shot down as a result the invasion by Germany into the United Kingdom was a failure for Adolf Hitler.

Another difference to World War One was the integration of Bomber Command, while efforts had been made to drop bombs from a flying machine in WW1 nothing really worked until World War Two. This war saw some bomber icons being created such as the British Lancaster Bomber that was a long-range bomber that targeted many parts of Germany and famously this bomber was known for the Dambusters raids where Lancasters were flown dangerously low and cut off German water supplies by destroying large dams/ reservoirs. Another bomber that became especially famous from when America joined the war was the B29 which was an incredible aircraft capable of whipping out civilisation however the B29 became famous for ending the war with Japan by dropping the atomic bomb. This was significant when looking at how aircraft have progressed as this was the first time America showed the rest of the world what a bomb and a plane were capable of doing. The final integration to the war came at the end where for the first time pilots saw jet powered aircraft that came in the form of the Me- 262, this was a German fighter plane and was deadly due to its far superior engines however due to Germany being so poor during the war it lead to these machines being poorly built as a result the Me-262 had many limitations and ultimately if the Germans had perfected this design the war could of gone a very different way!

Falkland Island War Show 2

The Falklands war was a very short on that happened within the 1980s and it was ultimately very controversial due to many men losing their lives over a small island that was claimed as British territory however was invaded and captured by the neighbouring country of Argentina.

The reason I want to talk about this particular war is because not only did it revolutionise how a country uses its jet bombers but also, it’s a war that hits very close to home.

The Falkland war was the first time and the only time that Britain rolled out is nuclear deterrent this being its V- Force, the V-Force consisted of the Vulcan, Victor and Vickers Valliant however the heavy duty bomber were not used for their intended purpose but instead the Vulcan Bomber was converted to using conventional bombs instead of the nuclear one in which it was designed for and the Victor was converted into a tanker from a bomber. The reason this happened was because for the first time Britain was going to shock the world with its air power and send a statement to other countries the way they did this was by carrying out at the time the longest bombing raid in history.

The raid was called OPERATION BLACK BUCK, and it involved the Vulcan Bomber working in unison with its tanker which was the Victor, the plan was that two Vulcans would fly to Ascension Island which was a small military base between the UK and the Falklands. Quickly as most ambitious plans go things began to go wrong as one of the Vulcan suffered with a cabin that was not pressurising as a result the Vulcan had to go back to base while the other Vulcan XM607 went on. The refuelling of the Vulcan was a hard task to undertake as many pilots regard aerial refuelling as one of the hardest manoeuvres to do however the Vulcan was only going to make it to the Falklands if this manoeuvre was perfected as a result the aircraft made it to Ascension Island where it was refuelled and loaded with 21 bombs.

The Vulcans mission was to prevent Argentine air forces getting off the ground as a result the Vulcan was going to bomb the runway of the Falklands called Port Stanley, the mission was an overall success however only one bomb out of 21 hit its target yet it was enough so that Argentine aircraft stayed grounded, this allowed British troops to invade the island and take back what was rightfully theirs.

Russo Ukrainian War Show 3

The last war I am going to cover is the current war that is raging with Ukraine on one side and on the other Russia, however this war is different because it is exploiting the best technology around to help Ukraine win the war effort. The largest difference within this war is that unmanned aircraft have been utilised the most in this modern era which has a huge advantage in that there isn’t someone in the cockpit who could die but also these drone are becoming heavily advanced and some believe one day the job of a pilot will not exist.

Although drones are playing a huge part within this war effort there are still aircraft being flown by pilots and these are some of the most advanced fighters in the world such as the F16 fighting falcon which has been around since 1975 however this aircraft has been developed to still be one of the most deadly fighters out their due to its unprecedented speed and manoeuvrability which allows the F16 to evade Russian missile attacks however on the opposite side Russia is using the Su- 35 which is an upgraded model to its predecessor of the Su- 27. This aircraft has got something integrated into it called thrust vectoring which allows the aircrafts engines to be moved up and down which makes this plane extra manoeuvrable as well as this the aircraft can fly well under slow speed which allows for low angle attacks upon enemy forces. This proves how that wars truly have influenced our aircraft from being small bi planes up to being supersonic fighter jets!

By doing this research I have learnt a lot about how the way war can impact the changes within aviation as a result we are now at the stage where pilots are not needed at all, to conduct this research I used websites such as History.com to fact check my information which results in my product being credible when on the air. I believe this research will greatly impact my product as this history is going to be the main body of content for my package and by knowing these facts and statistics about each war, I’m covering I will be able to bring in a larger more diverse listenership due to the amount of history I’m covering. I aim to educate people on what makes a good fighter jet and really where they evolved from, and war is the biggest factor I believe in their development as it pushes air forces to be the best and spend money building revolutionary aircraft. I am confident by presenting this information their will be something for everyone to listen to and enjoy as I’m covering a large timescale right back from WW1 up till the present day!

Similar Products

For my first similar product I looked into the BBC’S Secret Hampshire- Southsea’s forgotten author and aircraft designer as I wanted to find out what makes this documentary appeal to its target audience as well as why it has been so successful, by doing this I hope to improve my final product and create a piece that is as close to a professional level as possible. The documentary by the BBC starts by the reporter immediately vox popping people around the local area that has been made famous by Nevil Shute, I believe this has been done because people immediately are able to connect with the local piece as the interviews it includes are by local people, as a result this will interest people  into wanting to listen to the package purely because it is local. I aim to do something similar with my package because by starting with vox pops the listener is immediately hit with atmosphere which immerses them into the story consequently this will result in people listening to what I have to say and enjoying the way I present a story. Next the BBC documentary moves into professional interviews with a University Lecturer not only is this again keeping the story local as the interviewee is from a local university but also the professional is able to give the audience another perspective into the life of this historical figure. I am certain this is a reason why this documentary is a success because by gaining different thoughts and opinions the target audience for the package is only going to grow and become more diverse, on the other hand with my product I will gain professional opinions however I also want to hear the thoughts from industry professionals as these are the people that know the story best.

I think this documentary works because of some really key elements such as the story has an engaging subject matter meaning the focus on Nevile Shute as a complex figure with achievements in engineering and literature, ensures the documentary appeals to a wide and diverse audience. Also, the theme of rediscovery plays a huge role in the success of this audio package due to Nevil being a forgotten hero and the BBC aims to rediscover a phenomenal historical figure. Another positive about this documentary is the high quality of production this means that the documentary is created in a professional manor and incorporates elements that the target audience want to hear such as different insights/ opinions through interviews with historians and local experts, this provides the documentary with depth and authenticity.  The impact of incorporating this into my package will be my listenership will expand, as a result I will be able to make my package more engaging as I can add segments that requires my audience to interact with something this could be done over social media and would lead to my audience feeling involved with the project I’m creating. Finally the documentary is successful because of the compelling storytelling which keeps the audience engaged throughout the 15 minute show, the audio package aims to educate people on a forgotten hero and this is done by balancing factual information with an engaging narrative style of storytelling, this is essential for the listener because if this is done wrong the audience will feel an information overload and will immediately lose interest in the topic.

On the other hand, I have picked out a negative within this radio documentary that I will have to adapt and overcome during the creation of my project this being the lack of visuals, at some point during the storytelling it felt that parts of the show required visuals to understand what is going on. This is a negative because it makes it harder to visualise and appreciate what a great man Shute was however when this is overlooked, I believe this radio documentary by the BBC is presenting in a compelling way where the listener does in fact learn something. During my product I aim to incorporate a lot of what the BBC does to immerse the listener into the story which is done through atmosphere but I also have leant I need to be weary that I don’t have visuals therefore when I plan something it needs to allow the audience to envision what was going on and paint a picture in their heads of the ongoings, I think that is the beauty of radio production.

My second similar product I looked into was another documentary focussed on Young Heroes, the episode I listened to was one about the evolution of Braille in France and how it spread to become the standard way sighted people can communicate with those who are visually impaired. The documentary is hosted by Nicola Coughlan who presents this story in a compelling and empathetic way, the story she is covering is sensitive and she uses her tone in her voice to set the mood of the storytelling this being quite a melancholic one therefore she uses a monotone voice to match the situation. This is essential when presenting because during my product if I cover a sensitive topic, I need to be able to use my voice to evoke different emotions within my target audience.

Firstly, I looked into the positives of the audio package so that I can use these to create an effective final product. The first positive I found was that the presenter along with their interviewees presented the product on Louis Braille’s life in a way that can be understood without any visuals, this means that all the audios had been carefully selected and put together to convey a story that is both sad and happy at the same time. Louis Braille revolutionised the way a blind person can interact with sighted people, and I think this is really well presented throughout the package, this is done by using expert interviews along with people who without Louis’ invention would be left behind in the world. Another positive about this package is that it educates its audience in a way that isn’t boring but is easy to understand and this is a really hard concept to master, this is done by providing a factual but engaging narrative of Louis Braille’s life and achievements as well as explaining the significance of Braille’s invention and what life would be like for visually impaired people without Louis Braille.  Finally the biggest strength of this documentary is the fact that it is able to evoke an emotion within its target audience, this audio package promotes empathy and understanding by highlighting how tough it was to be blind during the late 1800s however the documentary also shows that with determination and resilience no matter who you are it is possible to change the world for the better, the impact of this documentary will be that it will inspire the younger generation by showcasing a historical figure that at a young age changed the world we live in.

On the other hand, this BBC documentary could be improved for example I think that some parts of the documentary could be oversimplified this would lead to potentially major details not being covered consequently the listener may not engage with the product. To overcome this in my product I will look over each piece of content to ensure the story I am portraying contains all the necessary information and is all fact checked/ credible. Another con I believe to this audio package is that there is a lack of broader content meaning that the story of helping the visually impaired focuses primarily on Louis Braille yet doesn’t explore how other historical figures have impacted the way non sighted people are able to communicate.

I have leant through analysing this documentary that the difference between a good and bad audio package relies on how the information is presented, for my show I need to use the levels in my voice to evoke and emotion within the audience however I also need to be able to show empathy and compassion as my topic focuses heavily on war. This documentary will help me progress in my FEP because I now know how to use sound effectively to make the story telling as engaging as possible in hope, I will be able to educate my listener.

My final similar product I looked at was BBC Radio 4’s The History Podcast specifically I looked into the final show of a 10-part series about the sudden disappearance of Lord Lucan. This podcast is presented in a slightly different way as it follows host Alex von Tunzelman through a series of clues with the hope of trying to work out what happened to Lord Luca. Tunzelman presents this podcast phenomenally as she uses her voice to dictate how her audience think and feel, the Guardian newspaper say, “Alex von Tunzelmann is praised for her smart and well-modulated narration, effectively guiding listeners through the complex narrative.” This shows perfectly why this podcast works so well as with a good host a listener can engage with the product in a more personal way.

The podcast is a very well put together production that aims to investigate into the disappearance this unique style of doing a podcast is already a truly engaging factor as the listener is immersed on a journey into this forgot disappearance. Another positive to the podcast is that there I clear evidence of hard researching both into the investigative case files as well as seeking out relevant interviews, for this kind of history podcast it takes a lot of research into how and why things happen this involves the listener as they become some sort of a detective and strive to find out what happened to Lucan, this type of engagement is what I will be aiming for with my product. As well as this the interviews that take place are conducted with subject experts that know more than the presenter this allows the audience to take in a different perspective and begin to form their own opinions on the disappearance of Lord Lucan. The impact of this is that again it allows the audience to engage with the product therefore increasing the overall listenership of the podcast. A final positive I think the podcast does effectively is the use of background music, during the entire 15 minute long podcast the music behind the presenter changes depending on the mood/ environment this will capture the audience’s attention and will again provide them the opportunity to learn something new which is what I aim to achieve with my radio documentary.

There are few negatives to this production however one I picked out was that the podcast is a 10-part series as a result retaining a consistent listenership would be difficult due to if one episode is bad this could start a domino effect of falling listeners because people are bored after the first couple of episodes. The way to combat this is either longer episodes or make the information more concise and make the podcast into a 3–5-part series instead of dragging the information through 10 episodes.

From this research I have learnt that to produce any audio-based product levels in my voice are absolutely essential as well as this I have learnt that research into my content needs to be thorough as I do not want to miss any key details that the listeners maybe listening for. Finally, I need to make sure my interviews are relevant to the story I am telling otherwise there is no point in having them especially if they don’t add any additional perspectives which is what I need in order to let my audience discuss and create opinions.

Audience Research- Primary Research

My Questionaire

My Survey

For my audience research I wanted to take a further look into my target audience and who does my project really appeal too, I conducted primary research by doing a questionnaire and a survey with the aim of knowing more about my audience. I asked both open and closed questions so that I could gauge what my target age group is and why people might want to listen to my radio documentary.

I got a lot more responses from my questionnaire however I believe this is the easier one of the two to complete as a result I tailored my questionnaire with closed end questions that would let me understand what sort of people like my idea. The results show that people aged 18-24 are my biggest contributor with  61% of all my responses coming from this age group, as well as this I wanted to see who would be interested in listening to my product and its fair to say I got some mixed opinions yet I anticipated this due to aircraft being such a niche topic however the results also had a lot of maybe’s and I hope to change those maybe’s into a yes by inspiring people into listening to my engaging product. I strive to create a product that everyone can find interesting and learn something from but understandably there will be people that aren’t interested and that’s okay.

 Another thing I found interesting from my questionnaire was that people would prefer to listen back to the documentary on a platform such as Spotify, 76% of people would prefer listening on a major streaming platform than listening live. I will take this into consideration so people are able to access my product in a variety of ways.

On the other hand my survey used the power of open ended questions to reveal what my audience would like to see during the process of making my radio documentary, I discovered that the people who are interested with my project are the people that put forwards the most suggestion to improve to documentary including adding bits of specific history such as early aircraft like the Wright Flyer. I also learnt that a lot of my audience don’t have much prior knowledge in aviation as a result I will act as a source of inspiration to hopefully get more people involved within the vintage aviation sector and raise awareness for charities keeping these warbirds in pristine condition for everyone to see.

By conducting this piece of research, I have learnt a lot more about my audience and intend to use both my survey and questionnaire to better my product, I now know how I can tailor my product to what my audience want to hear such as people on my survey having an interest on me talking about the 2000s era Concorde. The impact of adding these small segments is the audience will feel they are involved in the creation and therefore may listen knowing their ideas influence the final documentary.

Types of Planning Research

To create a radio documentary, I need to use the correct types of planning to make sure that behind the scenes my show is fully equipped with content and research as a result I investigated into the planning I needed to complete.

Firstly, behind every good radio show/ documentary there must be a production schedule this is essential to the pre-production process as it keeps the creator of the package within a certain time frame which allows them to meet demands such as deadlines. A production schedule starts by outlining different project that need completing to ensure you are left with a professional sounding audio package, the schedule is usually done in a table which outlines the weeks leading up to a deadline, small projects are then put into different boxes this results in the creator of the documentary being organised and good time management. The impact of having a schedule is that the project is broken down into small pieces which makes the creation of the final product a lot easier. An example of what could be put into the different boxes in a production schedule are interviews with a variety of people and tasks such as gathering outside audio which will act as atmosphere for the product, this is important in immersing the audience within the project.

Another piece of pre-production that is an important aspect to the creation of this project is release forms. A release form enables the person that is creating the documentary to use content that they have gained within an interview, these documents are incredibly important to my project as without them I do not have the consent of the interviewee to create my product using their content. I have used release forms before, so I am familiar with their impact on my product even though they are incredibly simple they have a huge significance. Release forms usually require the interviewees name, date signed and signature which all must be filled out to make the document binding.

A running order is also a piece of planning that is required to create a professional piece of work. The running order is a step-by-step guide to what happens during each show, its main aim is to ensure the presenter stays on time when delivering segments. This is essential because without it a segment could run over which means that a large section such as an interview would be delayed causing it to potentially cut short. The impact of this is that it leaves the final product feeling unfinished and it would be clear to the audience that the show was unstructured, and proper pre-production was not carried out. A running order comprises of different time stamps that show how long a segment should last, it also includes what song should be playing and the topic of conversation. Finally the running order has an ability to add extra details this could be something that must be said or a phone number for an interviewee, when done right a running order is the most vital piece to any presenter as it allows them to develop good time management skills and be organised with what’s coming up next.

Production Schedule Example

Release Form Example

Running Order Example

Skills and Abilities

I have learnt from this research that I need to master many skills both soft and hard to complete my final product to the best of my ability. For soft skills I believe the most important to my product is time management this is because I need to be able to efficiently organise my production schedule to make sure I leave enough time to gather interviews and other relevant pieces of audio, I need to organise when I’m going to complete each task so that I am prepared for each of the 3 parts of the show. On the other hand, the most important hard skill to my product would be audio editing because if this is done wrong my documentary will sound boring and not well put together as a result I need to be able to demonstrate my skills within adobe audition so I can put together an organised and engaging piece of work that I am proud of!

Production Techniques

An essential technique I need to master for my product is the art of interviewing; I looked into various websites to find out what different people have written about interviewing. I found hilarispublisher.com and this is what they had to say…

“The art of interviewing is a dynamic and ever-evolving craft that lies at the heart of journalism. By mastering the skills of preparation, empathy, active listening, and adaptability, journalists can uncover stories that resonate with audiences, shed light on pressing issues, and inspire change. In an era of rapid technological advancement and shifting media landscapes, the art of interviewing remains a cornerstone of journalistic practice, offering a gateway to understanding the world and the people who inhabit it. As journalists continue to innovate and adapt to new challenges, the art of interviewing will continue to evolve, shaping the future of journalism for generations to come.”- hilarispublisher.com

By looking into hilarispublisher.com I have been able to conclude the best elements for interviewing and how this art has evolved. Interviews all used to be very standard however nowadays there are many techniques, yet I am following the route of a more conversation style interview. This is because when hosting a radio show a conversational interview always sounds more natural much like 2 regular people just chatting however the audience are learning from the information the interviewee is providing. But to go wit a great interview I also need to ensure I use the correct software which for me is Adobe Audition to enable me to edit the audio and piece together the interview that the audience wants to hear. I will use Audition to cut pieces of Audio together and more importantly make sure I am creating a professional project this means no background noise or static from the mics. The impact of this is my product will sound really good and will hopefully feel like it’s well put together.

From this research I have learnt different ways to produce my project and different ways I can effectively interview so that I can create a project that I can be proud of. This research will mean my product will be improved because the pre-production and production have now been highly researched into.

Below is a link to me putting my production/editing techniques into practice and presenting the intro to my Aircraft Documentary.

To create the above product, I first created a multitrack with Adobe Audition this allows me to play different pieces of audio at the same time, next I recorded my voiceover on the radio system however instead of the microphone outputting to the station it was recording my voice into Audacity which is a free voice recorder. After constructing my script, I then began recording it onto audacity each time I adjusted the levels of the microphone, so the audio wasn’t too loud or quiet, once I was happy, I exported my audio into Adobe Audition where I began editing. I broke the editing down into first trimming down the audio recording of me, then I imputed some background music and turned its level all the way down, so it wasn’t overpowering my voice. Finally, I added the sound of a jet engine at the end to give my introduction a bit of character and I believe I created a good solid intro. Next time I need to be careful about the levels of my sound effects as the eruption of a jet engine is quite a powerful noise and it needs to match the level of the rest of my audio!

Presentation of Work

The idea of the picture above is a representation of decades of aviation history! I aim to exhibit my finding on the evolution of aircraft through radio production. My idea is strange because I have brought visuals to radio through pictures and videos, this is why I want to display the uniqueness of this project my incorporating all different parts of aviation history including parts from a Spitfire all the way up to a parachute from the Vulcan itself. By displaying my project in this way I aim to capture the attention of people looking round all the exhibits and most of all encourage them to listen to my creation!

Experience Barnsley: Example Exhibition

During this research I visited the Experience Barnsley exhibition to try and gain an understanding on what I might create for my own exhibition in June, I looked into how different things are displayed in the photos above and what I could take to try and make my exhibition more appealing than others. I believe the key thing I took away from the experience was that keeping my display simple is crucial as I do not want to overcomplicate my audience who are viewing my exhibition but also creating something that is engaging and gets people thinking such as a question or a visual display of your idea.

I believe this research will impact my product because by having a good industry standard I will be able to make something that looks professional but also captivates the attention of those who want to view my product on the evolution of aircraft.

Theories Research

Reception Theory

Definition- Previously used in a past Unit

The Reception Theory was created by Start Hall in 1973, the theory focuses on how audiences interpret and are influenced by content. He describes that not all the audience will agree on one single idea about content, and it will not be perceived in the same way. The factors affecting the audiences’ perspective is age, culture, beliefs and culture just to name a few.

The theory suggests that people react to content in different ways, the audience are normal actively engaging with the product asking questions especially at a controversial topic. The audience is forming an opinion therefore engaging with the product. The positives include emphasis on the audience as the theory recognises that the audience are not passive recipients and that there is a diversity of interpretations on pieces of content. On the other hand, the negatives include the complexity of the subject as a general conclusion from the contents cannot be drawn and there is a lack of precision as it relies heavily on qualitative data.

I looked into this theory because it will help me understand why my listeners might like some stories over others, I tried to figure out how different types of content will influence my target audience. By understanding how this theory works I can tailor my content to suit the needs of all my target audience and making sure my product has something for everyone to enjoy. The theory suggests that an audience will not always agree on a single idea, and I believe this diverse opinion is important for my product; by giving my audience different perspectives through interviews it will allow my listeners to diversify their opinions and make their own judgement on the stories I present. Stuart Hall suggests that the factors affecting how people perceive content are age, culture, beliefs and culture. To make my audio documentary more effective to all people I will look into how I can adapt my product to ensure everyone who listen feel included/ apart of my final product, to achieve this I will get my listeners to engage with my product in different ways such as Instagram stories asking for people’s opinions and even vox pops to hear directly from the target audience.

A final point about this theory is that I have learnt that to engage with my audience I need to create almost controversial topics to try and encourage my audience to have discussions about what I’m presenting, and I hope the audience will then send their discussion points in as this will result in maximum listenership for my documentary.